Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA)

The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA), enacted in 1977, is a U.S. law that regulates surface coal mining. Its main goals are to minimize environmental damage from mining activities, ensure mine sites are restored after use, and protect public health and safety. The law requires operators to follow strict environmental standards, prevent pollution, and develop reclamation plans to restore land to a natural or economically usable state after mining. SMCRA also established the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) to oversee compliance and enforcement nationwide.