Surface Mining

Surface mining is a method of extracting minerals and resources from the earth by removing large areas of soil and rock near the surface. It is used when deposits are close to the surface, making excavation easier and cheaper than underground mining. Common types include open-pit mining, where a giant hole is dug, and strip mining, which involves stripping away horizontal layers. While efficient, surface mining can significantly impact the environment, affecting land, water, and ecosystems. It is often used for coal, copper, gold, and other minerals found near the surface.