surface conductivity

Surface conductivity refers to how easily electric current can flow across the surface of a material. Unlike the interior, where electrons move through the bulk, surface conductivity depends on the properties of the outermost layer, which can have different electrical behavior. Certain materials, like topological insulators, have surfaces that conduct electricity very well while their insides do not. Surface conductivity is important in applications like sensors, electronics, and energy devices, as it influences how efficiently current travels along surfaces, impacting the material’s overall performance.