Surface Coal Mining

Surface coal mining is a method used to extract coal that is located near the Earth's surface. This process involves removing the topsoil and layers of rock to access coal seams. Once exposed, the coal is extracted using heavy machinery. After mining, the land is often restored, though the environmental impacts can be significant, including habitat destruction and soil erosion. This method is more economical than underground mining, but it raises concerns about air and water quality, as well as the disruption of local ecosystems.