Surface Analysis Techniques

Surface analysis techniques are methods used to examine the outermost layer of a material to understand its composition, structure, and properties. These techniques help identify what elements or molecules are present, their arrangement, and surface features like texture or contaminants. Common methods include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which detects surface elements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which provides detailed images of surface topography. These analyses are essential in industries like electronics, materials science, and coatings to ensure quality, performance, and safety of products.