Supply and Demand (various models)

Supply and demand are fundamental economic concepts explaining how markets work. The demand curve shows how much of a product consumers want at different prices—usually, higher prices reduce demand. The supply curve shows how much producers are willing to sell at various prices—higher prices often encourage more production. When demand and supply intersect, it's called the equilibrium, setting the market price. Various models, like the classical or Keynesian, analyze these interactions under different assumptions—such as future expectations or government policies—helping understand price fluctuations and resource allocation in markets.