Sum of divisors function

The sum of divisors function is a way to find the total of all positive numbers that evenly divide a given number without leaving a remainder. For example, for the number 6, its divisors are 1, 2, 3, and 6, and their sum is 12. This function helps understand how a number is built from its factors, revealing its divisibility properties and relationships within number theory. It is used in various mathematical areas, including analyzing perfect numbers, factorization, and number classification.