Sultan Muhammad II (of Banjarmasin)

Sultan Muhammad II of Banjarmasin was a prominent 19th-century ruler of the Banjar Sultanate in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. He played a key role in maintaining his kingdom’s independence amid regional and colonial pressures, including interactions with Dutch colonial forces. Known for his leadership, strategic diplomacy, and efforts to preserve local culture and sovereignty, he navigated complex political landscapes during a period of increasing external influence. His reign is significant in Indonesian history for demonstrating resistance against colonial expansion while fostering stability and identity within his domain.