subtractive bilingualism

Subtractive bilingualism occurs when learning a second language leads to the weakening or loss of a person's first language. This often happens in environments where the dominant language is emphasized, and the native language is not supported or valued, resulting in the gradual erosion of the individual's original language skills. It contrasts with additive bilingualism, where acquiring a second language enhances or coexist comfortably with the first. Subtractive bilingualism can affect cultural identity and communication, especially if the native language is not maintained or nurtured alongside the new language.