Sub-seafloor biosphere

The sub-seafloor biosphere refers to the diverse microbial life that inhabits the sediments and rocks beneath the ocean floor. Despite the extreme conditions—such as high pressure, low nutrients, and lack of sunlight—these microorganisms thrive by feeding on chemical energy stored in minerals and organic matter buried deep beneath the seabed. This hidden ecosystem plays a crucial role in Earth's carbon cycle, influencing climate and chemical processes over millions of years. Studying these microbes helps us understand the resilience of life, Earth's history, and potential for life in similar environments elsewhere in the universe.