SU(N) Gauge Theories

SU(N) gauge theories are mathematical frameworks used in physics to describe fundamental forces, such as the strong force that binds quarks inside protons and neutrons. "SU(N)" refers to a special set of symmetries—conceived as rotations in an abstract N-dimensional space—that dictate how particles interact through force-carrying fields called gauge bosons. These theories ensure the interactions are consistent and invariant under transformations related to these symmetries, which are essential for accurately modeling the behavior of elementary particles and the forces they experience within the universe.