SU(3) Gauge Symmetry

SU(3) gauge symmetry is a fundamental principle in particle physics describing the strong force, which binds quarks inside protons and neutrons. "SU(3)" refers to a mathematical framework involving special unitary matrices that maintain certain properties. This symmetry implies that the laws of physics don't change when we rotate or transform the "color" charge of quarks—an abstract property, not visual color—within a specific mathematical space. Gluons, the carrier particles, facilitate interactions by exchanging these "color" charges, ensuring quarks stay together. Essentially, SU(3) defines the consistent way the strong force operates at the subatomic level.