Structure of the Atom

The atom is the basic building block of matter, consisting of a nucleus and electrons. The nucleus, located at the center, contains protons (positively charged particles) and neutrons (neutral particles). Surrounding the nucleus are electrons, which are negatively charged and move in regions called orbitals. The balance between protons and electrons gives the atom its electric neutrality. The number of protons determines the element, while neutrons can vary, creating isotopes. This structure allows atoms to form molecules and make up everything around us, from the air we breathe to the objects we use daily.