Structure Formation in the Universe

Structure formation in the universe refers to how small initial fluctuations in the density of matter, present after the Big Bang, grew over time due to gravity. These slight over-densities pulled in surrounding matter, gradually forming larger structures like stars, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies. Over billions of years, this process led to the complex cosmic web of interconnected galaxies we observe today. The interplay of gravity, dark matter, and cosmic expansion drives this evolution, shaping the universe from a nearly uniform state into the richly structured cosmos we see.