Structure Factor

The structure factor is a mathematical way to describe how atoms in a crystal scatter incoming waves, such as X-rays or neutrons. It accounts for the positions and types of atoms within a unit cell, determining how constructive and destructive interference occur when waves bounce off the atoms. This interference pattern creates the diffraction spots seen in X-ray crystallography, which scientists analyze to infer the atomic structure of the material. In essence, the structure factor links the arrangement of atoms to the observed patterns, enabling precise determination of a crystal's three-dimensional atomic layout.