structural operational semantics

Structural operational semantics (SOS) is a formal way to describe how computer programs execute step-by-step. It uses rules to specify how each part of a program transitions from one state to another during execution. Think of it as a detailed instruction manual that explains precisely how program instructions evolve as the program runs, based on its structure. This approach helps clarify program behaviors, prove correctness, and reason about complex systems systematically, ensuring we understand exactly how each piece functions within the entire program.