structural isomerism

Structural isomerism occurs when molecules have the same number and types of atoms but differ in how those atoms are connected or arranged. This results in different structures that can have distinct properties. For example, in chain isomers, the carbon skeletons are connected differently (like straight or branched chains). In positional isomers, functional groups are attached at different positions within the molecule. These variations occur despite the molecules having the same formula, leading to different behaviors and uses. Structural isomerism showcases the diversity of compounds possible even with identical atomic compositions.