String Compactification

String compactification is a process in theoretical physics where additional dimensions predicted by string theory are "curled up" into tiny, complex shapes, too small to observe directly. This allows the universe to have the familiar three dimensions of space and one of time, while the extra dimensions influence particle properties and forces at a fundamental level. By compactifying these extra dimensions into specific geometric forms, physicists derive the varied behaviors of particles and interactions, helping bridge the gap between the higher-dimensional framework of string theory and observable physics.