STFT (Short-Time Fourier Transform)

The Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is a technique used to analyze signals, like audio, by breaking them into small segments and examining their frequency content over time. Imagine slicing a song into short windows and looking at the notes or pitches in each slice. This helps us see how different sounds or frequencies change as the music plays. STFT provides a time-frequency representation, allowing us to understand both when and what types of sounds occur, making it useful in areas like speech processing, music analysis, and monitoring machinery.