Sterilization Techniques

Sterilization techniques involve methods to eliminate all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and spores, from objects or surfaces to prevent infection. Common methods include heat sterilization, such as autoclaving with pressurized steam; chemical sterilization with agents like ethylene oxide or hydrogen peroxide; and radiation, like gamma rays, which destroy microbes without high heat. Each technique is chosen based on the item’s material and intended use, ensuring safety and effectiveness in medical, laboratory, or sterilization contexts. The goal is to achieve a microbiologically safe, completely germ-free environment.