steppes

Steppes are vast, mostly flat landscapes of grasslands found in regions with temperate or subtropical climates. They have a semi-arid environment, meaning they receive moderate rainfall—not enough for forests, but sufficient for grasses and shrubs to thrive. Steppes are often characterized by wide open spaces, few trees, and rich soil, making them important for agriculture and grazing. They occur in parts of Eurasia, Central Asia, North America, and South America. Because of their vastness and adaptability, steppes support diverse ecosystems and have historically served as migration and trade routes.