Steinhardt's duality theory

Steinhardt's duality theory explores how minerals can have similar chemical compositions but different structures, resulting in varied properties. It emphasizes that the arrangement of atoms within a mineral (its crystalline structure) can be viewed as dual to its chemical formula; understanding both aspects provides a complete picture of the mineral's characteristics. This dual perspective helps explain why some minerals can be so similar yet behave differently, and it highlights the interplay between chemical composition and crystal structure in determining mineral properties.