Steiner Tree Problem

The Steiner Tree Problem involves finding the most efficient way to connect a specific set of points in a network with the shortest possible total path length. Imagine needing to connect multiple cities with roads, but wanting to minimize construction costs. Besides directly connecting the cities, the solution can include adding extra intermediate points (called Steiner points) that help reduce the overall length. This problem appears in network design, circuit layout, and transportation planning, where optimizing connections can save resources and improve performance. Finding the optimal network is complex and often requires advanced algorithms.