Statistical Test Theory

Statistical Test Theory is a framework that helps determine whether observed data support a specific hypothesis about a population. It involves formulating an initial assumption (the null hypothesis), then using data collected from samples to evaluate if this assumption is likely true or should be reconsidered. By calculating probabilities (p-values), researchers decide whether differences or effects are significant or due to random chance. This process ensures objective, consistent decisions about data, enabling us to draw reliable conclusions from experiments or surveys in fields like medicine, economics, and science.