STAT proteins

STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are molecules inside cells that help transmit signals from the cell surface to the nucleus, where they influence gene activity. When a cell receives a specific signal, like a hormone or immune response, STAT proteins are activated, usually by adding a phosphate group. Once activated, they move into the nucleus and turn specific genes on or off. This process is crucial for regulating many bodily functions, including immune responses, cell growth, and development. Proper functioning of STAT proteins is essential for health, while their malfunction can contribute to diseases like cancer and immune disorders.