Staging (TNM classification)

Staging in the TNM classification system describes how advanced a cancer is, helping doctors determine treatment and prognosis. "T" indicates the size and extent of the primary tumor, "N" shows whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, and "M" indicates if there are distant metastases, or spread to other parts of the body. Together, these components provide a detailed picture of the cancer’s progression, from small, localized tumors to more extensive disease. Accurate staging is essential for planning effective treatment and understanding the likely outcome.