Stable carbon isotopes

Stable carbon isotopes are versions of carbon atoms that have different numbers of neutrons but remain stable over time. The most common are Carbon-12 and Carbon-13. By analyzing the ratio of these isotopes in plants, animals, and the environment, scientists can identify sources of carbon and understand processes like climate change, photosynthesis, and food origins. These isotopic signatures act like natural markers, helping researchers trace historical ecological patterns and carbon cycles without altering the samples.