stability-instability paradox

The stability-instability paradox refers to a situation during nuclear deterrence where, despite the threat of mutually assured destruction preventing full-scale war (stability), it sometimes leads to increased smaller conflicts or provocations (instability). Essentially, because nuclear states feel secure from large wars, they might feel more comfortable engaging in limited disputes or testing each other’s resolve without risking nuclear escalation. This paradox highlights how nuclear deterrence can both prevent major wars and unintentionally encourage minor conflicts, creating a complex balance between peace and risk.