Square numbers

Square numbers are the products of a whole number multiplied by itself. For example, \( 4 \) is a square number because it is \( 2 \times 2 \), and 9 is a square because it’s \( 3 \times 3 \). Imagine arranging objects in a perfect square grid; the total number of items in such a grid corresponds to a square number. These numbers are important in mathematics because they have specific properties, like their roots being whole numbers, and they appear frequently in geometry, algebra, and number theory.