Spoiler effect

The spoiler effect occurs in elections with multiple candidates, where a candidate who is similar to one of the leading candidates can split the vote, causing a less popular candidate to win unexpectedly. For example, if two candidates with similar views run, they might divide the support from voters who favor that viewpoint, allowing a different candidate to win who doesn't share those views. This effect can distort the true preference of voters and lead to outcomes that don't reflect the majority's will, often discouraging voters from supporting similar candidates for fear of helping their least preferred option.