Spinoza's Monism

Spinoza's monism is the idea that everything in the universe is part of a single, unified substance, which he calls "God" or "Nature." Unlike believed in traditional views that see God and the universe as separate, Spinoza thought that all things—people, animals, objects—are just different expressions or modes of this one fundamental reality. This means there is no true separation or duality; everything is interconnected and part of the same underlying substance. In short, Spinoza sees the universe as a single, infinite, and complex whole, where everything that exists is different aspects of the same unity.