Spinors

Spinors are mathematical objects used in physics to describe particles with intrinsic angular momentum called spin, especially elementary particles like electrons. Unlike vectors that indicate direction and magnitude, spinors encode orientation information in a way that captures their quantum behavior, including how they change when rotated. When a spinor undergoes a 360-degree rotation, it doesn't return to its original state but gains a minus sign, and only after a 720-degree rotation does it return to its initial form. This unique property makes spinors essential for accurately modeling and understanding the quantum world.