Spinodal decomposition

Spinodal decomposition is a process where a homogeneous mixture of materials spontaneously separates into regions with different compositions without needing any external influence. This occurs when the mixture becomes unstable due to temperature or composition changes, causing tiny fluctuations to grow and form distinct phases. Imagine a uniform solution gradually developing areas rich in one component and others rich in another, like oil dividing from water. It’s a natural, smooth separation driven by thermodynamics, often seen in alloys, polymers, and other materials as they cool or undergo phase transitions.