Spin-Orbit Interaction

Spin-orbit interaction refers to the coupling between an electron's spin (its intrinsic angular momentum) and its orbital motion around the nucleus. This interaction is significant in atomic physics, as it influences energy levels and can lead to fine structure in spectral lines. In the context of hyperfine structure, it affects how the spins of electrons interact with the spins of protons in the nucleus, leading to small shifts in energy levels. These shifts reveal details about the atomic structure and can provide insights into fundamental physical properties, improving our understanding of atomic interactions and behaviors.