sperm morphology

Sperm morphology refers to the shape and structure of sperm cells, which is important for their ability to fertilize an egg. Healthy sperm typically have an oval head containing genetic material, a midpiece packed with energy-producing mitochondria, and a long, streamlined tail for movement. Abnormalities in shape—such as misshapen heads or defective tails—can hinder sperm’s swimming ability or ability to penetrate an egg. Assessing sperm morphology helps evaluate male fertility potential and can inform treatment options if conception is challenging.