Sperm binding

Sperm binding is the process where sperm cells attach to the outer layer of an egg (oocyte). This attachment is essential for fertilization, as it allows the sperm to interact closely with the egg, triggering changes that enable the sperm to enter and fertilize the egg’s genetic material. The binding occurs at specific sites on the egg’s surface and involves recognition between proteins on the sperm and the egg. Proper sperm binding is a critical step in human reproduction, ensuring that only sperm with compatible surface molecules can successfully fertilize the egg.