Spent nuclear fuel storage

Spent nuclear fuel storage involves safely holding used nuclear fuel that has been removed from a reactor after energy production. Initially, the fuel is stored in deep pools of water, which cools it and provides radiation shielding. Once cooled, it can be transferred to dry storage casks—large, sealed metal or concrete containers—designed to contain radiation, prevent leaks, and dissipate heat. These storage methods ensure safety for workers and the environment while enabling the possibility of recycling or eventual disposal in specialized repositories. Proper management of spent fuel is essential to maintain nuclear safety and security over many years.