spent fuel storage

Spent fuel storage involves safely housing used nuclear fuel after it has been used in a reactor. This fuel is highly radioactive and generates heat, so it is first stored in robust pools of water that cool the fuel and shield radiation. Once cooled, the fuel can be transferred to dry casks—sealed metal and concrete containers—that provide long-term protection. These storage methods ensure safety for people and the environment while managing waste until a permanent disposal solution is available. Proper storage is critical to prevent radiation release and environmental contamination.