Specular Theory

Specular theory explains how light reflects off smooth surfaces, like mirrors or calm water. It states that when light hits such a surface, it bounces off at a specific angle, called the angle of reflection, equal to the angle at which it arrived. This predictability creates clear, sharp reflections. In contrast, rough surfaces scatter light in many directions, causing diffuse reflection. Specular reflection is fundamental in optics, influencing how we see reflections and design optical devices. It highlights the relationship between the incident light, the surface's smoothness, and the reflected light's behavior.