Spectral Line Broadening

Spectral line broadening refers to the phenomenon where the specific wavelengths of light emitted or absorbed by atoms are spread out over a range rather than appearing as sharp lines. This occurs because various factors—such as the thermal motion of atoms, their random collisions, or the influence of external fields—cause slight variations in energy levels. As a result, the spectral lines become wider or “broadened,” providing insights into the physical conditions, like temperature and density, of the emitting or absorbing material. This broadening is important in understanding the properties of stars, planets, and other celestial objects.