species differentiation

Species differentiation is the process by which populations of a single species gradually develop differences—such as unique physical traits, behaviors, or genetic makeup—that eventually make them distinct enough to be considered separate species. This often occurs due to factors like geographic isolation, environmental differences, or reproductive barriers, which prevent interbreeding. Over time, these differences accumulate through natural selection and genetic variation, leading to the emergence of new, reproductively isolated groups. This process helps explain the incredible diversity of life on Earth, as species continuously adapt to their specific environments.