Speciation Theory

Speciation theory explains how new species form from existing ones. It occurs when populations of a single species become separated or isolated—geographically, behaviorally, or genetically—preventing them from interbreeding. Over time, these groups experience different environmental pressures and accumulate genetic differences. If these differences become significant enough, they can prevent successful reproduction even if they come back into contact, leading to the emergence of distinct species. This process highlights how diversity in life evolves through gradual genetic changes driven by natural selection and reproductive isolation.