Spanning tree

A spanning tree is a way of connecting all points (or nodes) in a network with the fewest possible connections (edges) so that there are no closed loops, ensuring an efficient and reliable structure. Imagine a network of roads connecting multiple cities; a spanning tree connects all cities directly or indirectly without creating unnecessary or redundant routes. It's useful in ensuring data or resources flow efficiently across networks like the internet or electrical grids, reducing complexity and preventing cycles that could cause issues.