Spacecraft Thermal Control

Spacecraft thermal control involves managing the temperature of a spacecraft so its systems and instruments operate effectively in the extreme environment of space. Since there’s no atmosphere to regulate heat, engineers use insulation, thermal coatings, heaters, and radiators to keep temperatures within safe ranges—cool enough to prevent overheating from the sun's intense rays, yet warm enough to ensure electronics and equipment function properly. This system ensures the spacecraft maintains a stable internal climate, protecting its components and ensuring mission success throughout its journey.