Space-time foam

Space-time foam is a concept from quantum physics describing the universe's fabric at incredibly tiny scales. Imagine space and time not as smooth, continuous sheets but as a turbulent, frothy mixture filled with tiny, constantly fluctuating bubbles and knots. These fluctuations occur at the smallest distances and shortest times, where quantum effects dominate. The idea suggests that at such scales, space and time are flexible and dynamic, constantly shimmering with energy and uncertainty—much like the foam on the surface of a turbulent sea. This helps scientists understand the universe's fundamental structure and the unification of quantum mechanics and gravity.