Space group

A space group describes the symmetry of a crystal structure, detailing how its pattern repeats in three-dimensional space. It combines elements like translations (shifting the pattern), rotations, reflections, and inversions to explain how the entire crystal can be generated by repeating a fundamental building block. In essence, space groups categorize all possible ways atoms can be arranged in a crystal with symmetrical, repeating patterns, helping scientists understand and predict crystal properties and behaviors. There are 230 unique space groups that encompass all such symmetrical arrangements in crystalline materials.