Space and astrophysical plasmas

Space and astrophysical plasmas are extremely hot, ionized gases found throughout the universe, including stars, the solar wind, and interstellar space. Unlike regular gases, plasmas contain freely moving charged particles—electrons and ions—that interact with magnetic and electric fields. These interactions produce phenomena such as solar flares, auroras, and cosmic rays. Plasmas make up about 99% of visible matter in the universe and play a crucial role in shaping cosmic structures and energetic processes across space. They are fundamental to understanding the behavior and evolution of celestial objects and the universe itself.