solid state phase transformations

Solid-state phase transformations are changes in the structure or arrangement of atoms within a solid material without melting it. These transformations occur when conditions like temperature or pressure vary, causing the material to shift from one ordered form (phase) to another, often altering properties such as strength or hardness. Examples include steel changing from one crystalline form to another when heated or cooled. These changes happen at the atomic level and are fundamental in materials science, influencing how materials are processed and used in various applications.