Solid-state diffusion

Solid-state diffusion is the process where atoms or molecules move within a solid material, gradually spreading from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. Think of it like a drop of ink dispersing evenly in water, but within a solid substance such as metal or glass. This movement occurs because atoms vibrate and occasionally jump to nearby sites, which can influence material properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and electrical conductivity. Although slower than in liquids or gases, solid-state diffusion is essential in processes like heat treatments, alloying, and the manufacturing of electronic components.