solid-state devices

Solid-state devices are electronic components that use solid materials, primarily semiconductors like silicon, to control electrical signals. Unlike older vacuum tube technology, they have no moving parts or liquids. These devices include transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits, which are fundamental to modern electronics such as computers, smartphones, and appliances. They operate by managing the flow of electricity through tiny regions within the semiconductor material, enabling fast, reliable, and compact electronic functions. Solid-state devices are essential because they offer durability, efficiency, and the ability to miniaturize electronic systems.